The Battle of Buwaib

The Arrival of Umar ibn al-Khattab in Palestine and the Conquest of Jerusalem

The Martyrdom of Ottoman Sultan Murad I

The Pledge of Allegiance to Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham for the Caliphate of Cordoba

The Outbreak of World War I

The Battle of Buwaib On the 13th of Ramadan in 13 AH (634 CE), the Muslim forces led by Al-Muthanna ibn Haritha fought and achieved a significant victory against the Persian Empire. This battle helped consolidate Muslim control over the region.

The Arrival of Umar ibn al-Khattab in Palestine and the Conquest of Jerusalem On the 13th of Ramadan in 15 AH (18th October 636 CE), Umar ibn al-Khattab arrived in Palestine after fierce battles, receiving the keys to Jerusalem and ensuring the safety of its people and their properties.

The Martyrdom of Ottoman Sultan Murad I On the 13th of Ramadan in 698 CE (15th November 1298 CE), Sultan Murad I was martyred after conquering Bosnia and Herzegovina. He achieved a decisive victory against a coalition of Serbs, Bosnians, Herzegovinians, Wallachians, and Moldavians at Kosovo, but was fatally stabbed by a Serbian soldier while inspecting the battlefield.

The Pledge of Allegiance to Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham for the Caliphate of Cordoba On the 13th of Ramadan in 414 AH (28th November 1023 CE), Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham was pledged allegiance as the Caliph of Cordoba, taking the title of al-Mustazhir Billah. His caliphate lasted for one month and seventeen days.

The Caliphate of Córdoba in Perspective

The Outbreak of World War I On the 13th of Ramadan, World War I is commemorated. Thirty countries participated in the war, which lasted four and a half years. The world was divided into two warring camps: one led by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire, and the other by Britain, France, and the United States.