Death of Lady Fatima Al-Zahra:

On the third of the month of Ramadan in the year eleven of the Hijra, the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her), passed away and was buried in Al-Baqi at night. And that was six months after the death of the Prophet ﷺ.

Ali ibn Abi Talib married her after the migration and four months after the Battle of Badr. She gave birth to Hassan, Hussein, and Um Kulthum, who later married Umar ibn al-Khattab.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) would visit his daughters after their marriages, bringing them joy and happiness. Among his practices with his daughters after their marriages was visiting them, inquiring about them, and intervening to reconcile them with their husbands if there was a problem that he was aware of. He did this in a way that ensured the restoration of harmony within the family if it served their interest. He visited Fatimah (may Allah be pleased with her) after her marriage and prayed for her and her husband, asking Allah to protect them and their offspring from the accursed Satan.

The Prophet, peace be upon him, said about his daughter Fatima: (Fatima is a part of me, and whoever makes her angry, makes me angry.")  Sahih al-Bukhari 3767

The fall of the Abbasid Caliphate at the hands of the Buyids and the entry of Jalal al-Dawla into Baghdad:

The Buwayhids, who were Persian Daylamites from northern Iran, occupied them for almost a century, from the mid-4th century to the mid-5th century AH (Islamic calendar). The Buwayhids were Shia, advocating for their sect and firmly controlling the Abbasid state, Iraq, and Persia.

Under the rule of the Buyids, the situation of the caliphs worsened, and the country suffered from deteriorating political and economic conditions.

The Abbasids became increasingly frustrated with the Buyids, so they sought the help of the Seljuk Turks, the rising Islamic power in the region. What "Toghrul Beg" did was enter Baghdad with his army and put an end to the Buyid state in the year 1055 AD. At that time, a great upheaval occurred, in which the markets were burned, and looting and killing became rampant.

The Mustansir takes over Al-Andalus following his father

He is the ninth prince of the Umayyad state in Andalusia. His era was a continuation of the period of the Umayyad state's prominence in Andalusia.

His era is characterized by the flourishing of science and literature in Córdoba to a great extent. He was the most book-loving of the Umayyad caliphs and would send men with huge sums of money to acquire rare books for Al-Andalus. He established the Library of Córdoba, which contained up to four hundred thousand volumes.

Education experienced a great renaissance during the reign of Al-Hakam. Literacy spread among the people, whereas the highest-ranking individuals in Europe, except for the clergy, were often illiterate. Al-Hakam established a school to educate the poor for free, and he founded the University of Córdoba, which was one of the most famous universities in the world at the time. Its main hub was the Great Mosque, where all sciences were taught and the greatest scholars were chosen to teach.

The great Spanish scholar, Fendith Bidal, says: "The Andalusian caliphate reached the peak of its splendor during that era, extending its peaceful sovereignty over all of Spain, thereby ensuring public tranquility