Hadeel

Hadeel

Apologizing is a characteristic of the prophets, a natural instinct of the righteous, and a noble behavior that brings goodness to society. Allah has made it one of the attributes of the pious, and wise people consider it a trait of greatness. Scholars and doctors regard it as a sign of a healthy psyche, while people see in it kindness and humility. So why shouldn’t we apologize and teach our children the culture of apology?

The Holy Quran records the reaction of Moses (peace be upon him) after he struck a man and killed him. He did not justify his action; rather, he acknowledged his wrongdoing, saying: “‘This is from the work of Satan. Indeed, he is a manifest enemy.’ He said, ‘My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, so forgive me.’ And He forgave him. Indeed, He is the Forgiving, the Merciful.” (Al-Qasas: 15-16).

The wise mention how Balqis acknowledged her sin when she said: “My Lord, indeed I have wronged myself, and I submit with Solomon to Allah, Lord of the worlds.” (An-Naml: 44).

In the Prophetic tradition, there is a reinforcement of the culture of apology in the hadith: "All the sons of Adam are sinners, but the best of sinners are those who are given to repentance" (Sahih Hadith).

Studies in mental health show that a person exhibits 315 forms of defense mechanisms, the most common being justification, which is a psychological trick to absolve oneself of wrongdoing. The person who errs may believe that apologizing diminishes their worth, while in fact, it elevates their value and status.

A person may stubbornly refuse to apologize time and again until their ego becomes inflated, leading to more mistakes and making them despised in society, viewed as arrogant and conceited, ultimately losing the closest people to them.

If that person does apologize, experts classify it as either a superficial apology or one meant merely to lift the blame from themselves, which is insincere. There are also apologies made under coercion to avoid losing something or due to pressure, which are similarly insincere and unclear.

The best type of apology is one that is made promptly after the mistake occurs, is straightforward with no ambiguity, and is public when the mistake was witnessed by others.

In the family environment, it is essential to instill this culture in children so they realize they are human and that apologizing means correcting a mistake. This enhances their self-confidence and encourages self-reflection and correction from time to time.

In advanced societies, apologizing has become a behavior of politicians and celebrities. In fact, offering an apology can sometimes mitigate punishment for certain offenses, and it can resolve many social disputes and familial problems between spouses.

To instill this noble trait in children, educators recommend the following:

1. Do not justify mistakes: Avoid weak excuses and shifting blame onto others to evade responsibility for the error.

2. Apologize promptly: A swift apology resolves disputes quickly, while delaying it exacerbates the problem and deepens resentment in the one wronged.

3. Be clear with words: Deliver the apology in a clear and straightforward manner.

4. Choose the right time and place: Ensure that the apology is made in an appropriate setting.

5. Apologize publicly: If the mistake was witnessed by others, an apology in front of them is necessary.

6. Consider accompanying the apology with a gift or a gesture of kindness, such as a kiss on the forehead.

The best way to instill the culture of apology in children is for adults to model it themselves. It is wise for a parent to apologize in front of their children if they make a mistake, and if either parent errs toward their children, they must promptly apologize. This is the best way to reinforce this noble trait, which is synonymous with humility.

As educators, whether as fathers or mothers, we must teach our children the culture of apologizing for mistakes, as well as instilling in them the value of accepting apologies with forgiveness and tolerance. This practice preserves bonds of affection and brotherhood and strengthens the cohesion of families and communities.

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Discrimination against Muslims in employment, whether in the public or private sector, represents a growing problem faced by this group in many countries, including India. Despite constitutions and laws affirming equality and non-discrimination, Muslims often face significant obstacles that prevent them from obtaining equal job opportunities. This discrimination is evident through lower employment rates, ignored applications submitted by Muslims, and social and religious biases that affect their ability to achieve professional success.

This article highlights the discrimination against Muslims in jobs, examines its causes and effects, and suggests practical solutions to address it.

Recent research conducted by LedBy, a non-profit leadership incubator for Muslim women in India, reveals serious obstacles faced by Muslim women in the labor market. For the purpose of the study, two equally qualified resumes were created, one for a fictional Muslim woman named Habiba Ali and the other for a fictional Hindu woman named Priyanka Sharma. Neither profile contained a photo. Over ten months, 1,000 job applications were submitted from each profile to 1,000 online job sites such as LinkedIn and Naukri.

Out of the 1,000 applications submitted, Priyanka received 208 positive responses, while Habiba received only 103. Despite having similar qualifications, Habiba received less favorable results. Both women received 88 positive responses from the same institutions, but Priyanka received 120 unique responses from different institutions, while Habiba received only 15. Habiba rarely received follow-up calls, whereas a large proportion of Priyanka’s responses were in the form of follow-up calls. Recruiters proactively reached out to Priyanka on her online profile, while Habiba received only one positive response from recruiters who found her profile online, compared to Priyanka's 15.

Supporters of "Hindutva" and their allies in the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-led government in India have called for an economic boycott of Muslim vendors, daily laborers, craftsmen, and other service providers. LedBy's research confirms that this anti-Muslim sentiment has extended into the private sector, where recruiters believe that Muslim women are less capable of performing jobs for which they are fully qualified.

Discrimination in Government Employment

Although the Indian Constitution, for example, guarantees equality before the law and prohibits discrimination based on religion or race, the reality is different. Muslims increasingly find themselves marginalized in many government jobs and are indirectly excluded due to arbitrary eligibility criteria, a lack of support networks, and ingrained societal biases.

Statistics indicate alarmingly low representation of Muslims in government jobs, both at higher levels and even in lower grades. Studies reveal that the percentage of Muslim employees in government departments does not correspond to their population proportion. Muslims are often rejected for employment due to their religious background, despite being qualified. This discrimination is not only a result of institutional policies but also of negative attitudes toward Muslims in the wider society.

Impact of Government Policies

Under governments promoting Hindu nationalist policies, such as the BJP in India, Muslims have been further marginalized in government hiring processes. Policies targeting Muslims, like "security vetting," increase discrimination. Additionally, public calls from some sectors for boycotts of Muslim workers in specific industries make it even harder for them to secure jobs.

Discrimination in the Private Sector

Numerous studies show that discrimination against Muslims in hiring is not limited to the public sector but also exists in the private sector. A study by LedBy in India revealed that Muslim women face significant discrimination in the labor market. For example, Muslims receive half the number of positive responses compared to their Hindu counterparts when applying for the same jobs with equal qualifications.

Muslims are often excluded from employment based on their names or physical appearance, such as wearing a hijab or beard. These factors are used as unofficial criteria for rejecting applicants, with the assumption that Muslims are less capable of adapting to corporate culture or that hiring them may negatively impact the company’s public image.

Causes of Discrimination Against Muslims in Employment

  • Islamophobia and Social Biases:
    The rise of Islamophobia in many societies contributes significantly to discrimination against Muslims in employment. Negative perceptions of Muslims, such as being less loyal to the state or more associated with violence and extremism, affect their job prospects. These biases influence hiring decisions, both in the public and private sectors.
  • Rising Nationalism and Discriminatory Policies:
    In governments seeking to promote the dominant religious identity, policies are directed in ways that increase discrimination against Muslims. For example, calls for boycotting Muslim-owned businesses or questioning their national loyalty lead to their indirect exclusion from the market.
  • Lack of Support Networks and Equality:
    Muslims often lack professional support networks that can help them access job opportunities. Many jobs rely on personal relationships and social networks, which may be unavailable or weak in Muslim communities. Additionally, policies aimed at promoting diversity and equality do not always fully include religious minorities.

Discrimination against Muslims in employment is a major challenge that needs to be addressed urgently and decisively. Through strengthening laws, raising awareness, and adopting inclusive hiring policies, a more just and diverse work environment can be achieved, providing equal opportunities for growth and success for everyone.

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Satanic tricks and diabolical schemes are promoted by the hypocrites and fall into the traps of the heedless, but the believers recognize them. They neither respond to them nor get caught in their snares. These are the methods of adorning falsehood, which lead to the distortion of facts, the multiplication of obstacles, and the worsening of calamities. So, what are these methods?

1. Claiming to intend goodness and reform:

Satan invented this method when he whispered to Adam and his wife, saying:
"O Adam, shall I direct you to the tree of eternity and possession that will not deteriorate?" (Surah Taha, 120), al-Tabari explained: Satan whispered to Adam, saying: Shall I guide you to a tree, that if you eat from it, you will live forever and possess a kingdom that will never end. And he said to him: If you eat from it, you will become a king like Allah or you will be among the immortals, and you will never die.(1) He claimed to want good for Adam and his wife and whispered to them to do what he desired, so they could reach the so-called "good."

This is the way of the devils and those who follow them among tyrants and hypocrites. Pharaoh, for example, when he wanted to entice his people to follow him, claimed he only sought their good and reform. Allah said: "Pharaoh said: I do not show you except what I see, and I do not guide you except to the way of right conduct." (Surah Ghafir, 29).
Similarly, the hypocrites corrupt the earth and try to make their ways seem appealing to people, claiming they are reformers, not corrupters. Allah says:
"And when it is said to them, 'Do not cause corruption on the earth,' they say, 'We are only reformers.' Unquestionably, it is they who are the corrupters, but they perceive [it] not." (Surah Al-Baqarah, 11-12).

2. Donning the cloak of advice:

Another method by which devils adorn falsehood is by pretending to offer advice, as if they want nothing for themselves but to guide others for their own benefit. Allah warned us about this, showing us that it is the way of Satan. Allah says: "But Satan whispered to them to make apparent to them that which was concealed from them of their private parts. He said, 'Your Lord did not forbid you this tree except that you become angels or become of the immortal.' And he swore [by Allah]  to them, 'Indeed, I am to you from among the sincere advisors.' So he made them fall, through deception. And when they tasted of the tree, their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten together over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And their Lord called to them, 'Did I not forbid you from that tree and tell you that Satan is to you a clear enemy?'" (Surah Al-A'raf, 20-22).

3. Deceiving people with false oaths:

In the previous verses, Allah explained that Satan swore to Adam and his wife, meaning he falsely took oaths to make his advice seem sincere. This is a method used by the devils and their hypocritical followers—taking false oaths. Hypocrites are keen to swear by Allah that they only seek reform, but they are liars in this.

The Quran has exposed this behavior in several places. Allah says:
"So how [will it be] when disaster strikes them because of what their hands have put forth and then they come to you swearing by Allah, 'We intended nothing but good conduct and accommodation.'" (Surah An-Nisa, 62), and He also said: "And [there are] those [hypocrites] who took a mosque as harm, disbelief, and division among the believers and as a station for whoever had warred against Allah and His Messenger before. And they will surely swear, 'We intended only the best.' And Allah testifies that indeed they are liars." (Surah At-Tawbah, 107).

4. Pretending to be with the believers:

Devils and their hypocritical followers always try to appear as though they are siding with the people, standing by them in times of calamity, just to make it easier for them to lead them astray. This devilish behavior is seen in what the Quran narrates about Satan: "And [remember] when Satan made their deeds pleasing to them and said, 'No one can overcome you today from among the people, and indeed, I am your protector.' But when the two armies sighted each other, he turned on his heels and said, 'Indeed, I am dissociated from you. Indeed, I see what you do not see; indeed, I fear Allah. And Allah is severe in penalty.'" (Surah Al-Anfal, 48). Satan pretended to stand by those who followed him, but in reality, he deceived them.

Similarly, hypocrites also pretend to be with the believers, but they hide their true intentions. Allah says: "And of the people are some who say, 'We believe in Allah and the Last Day,' but they are not believers. They [think to] deceive Allah and those who believe, but they deceive not except themselves and perceive [it] not." (Surah Al-Baqarah, 8-9), and He also said: "And when they meet those who believe, they say, “We believe”; but when they are alone with their evil ones, they say, “Indeed, we are with you; we were only mockers.'" (Surah Al-Baqarah, 14), and: "Those who await [and watch] you. Then if you gain a victory from Allah, they say, 'Were we not with you?' But if the disbelievers have a success, they say [to them], 'Did we not gain the advantage over you, but we protected you from the believers?' Allah will judge between [all of] you on the Day of Resurrection. And never will Allah give the disbelievers over the believers a way [to overcome them]." (Surah An-Nisa, 141).

5. Claiming to fight corruption and showing concern for people:

Allah has explained that tyrants often deceive people by making false claims of fighting corruption and pretending to care for the people. For example, Pharaoh, when he fought against Prophet Musa (Moses), wanted to win the people's support by making them believe that Musa’s call would lead to corruption, and that opposing Musa was only to prevent this corruption.

Allah says: "And Pharaoh said, 'Let me kill Moses and let him call upon his Lord. Indeed, I fear that he will change your religion or that he will cause corruption in the land.'" (Surah Ghafir, 26), and: "And the eminent among the people of Pharaoh said, 'Will you leave Moses and his people to cause corruption in the land and abandon you and your gods?' [Pharaoh] said, 'We will kill their sons and keep their women alive; and indeed, we are subjugators over them.'" (Surah Al-A'raf, 127), these are tricks and schemes aimed at fighting the truth and adorning falsehood.

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(1) Tafsir al-Tabari (1/526).

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The Islamic nation has been afflicted in recent times with some deviant ideas and destructive calls, such as the call to poverty. Some individuals have worked to spread poverty and justify its existence among Muslims by misinterpreting religious texts and convincing those who followed them that this is the correct Islamic approach. Among those who have led the call to poverty in Islamic lands are those who wish to occupy Islamic countries, preachers who excessively condemn worldly life, and those who seek to appease people by making them accept their current situation (1). This can be seen in the following points:

First: Those who wish to occupy Islamic countries:

The occupiers have worked to achieve poverty in the lives of Muslims through various means, including:

1. Deliberate promotion of the idea of renunciation of the world as if it means giving it up among Muslims, claiming that this is the correct Islamic approach. This was done through some Orientalists who served the interests of the occupiers, including the Jewish Orientalist Goldziher, who claimed that Islam is dominated by the idea of renouncing the world and abstaining from it, and at the same time, the idea of absolute reliance on Allah and submission prevails (2). He then went on to link piety with asceticism, asserting that a person is not considered pious unless he withdraws from the world and takes nothing from it!

In truth, Islam's view of wealth is not like this. Islam does not see the possession of wealth as a crime, nor the accumulation of riches as disobedience. Wealth is a tool, and like any tool, it can be used to support truth or falsehood. It is the way this tool is used that brings either praise or blame. To simply declare that armament is a vice is absurd. Wealth, in Islam's view, is a great good if it is earned lawfully and spent rightly.

Wealth in Islam is a means that the Muslim should use to achieve his goal, which is to please Allah, but some Orientalists deliberately create lies and spread falsehoods to achieve their purposes and reach their goals.

2. The occupiers also worked to create poverty among Muslims by making worldly desires easily accessible to them, distracting them from great endeavors, enticing them to seek comfort, and making them disinterested in high aspirations. They kept them busy with trivial matters, accustomed them to laziness and passivity, and made them dependent on others to achieve their goals. This ensured that colonial control remained intact, and people continued to depend on the occupier who claimed to bring good and prosperity to the Islamic lands. These ideas remained deeply rooted in the hearts of some Muslims, leading them to abandon work, focus on seeking pleasures, and satisfying desires until the enemy took over the land and Muslims resigned themselves to poverty and humiliation.

Second: Preachers who excessively condemn worldly life:

People's excessive attachment to worldly life and making it their ultimate goal led many preachers to confront this deviation by calling for focus on the Hereafter and using worldly life as a means to achieve happiness rather than an end in itself. This approach is commendable, but some preachers went too far in their treatment, excessively condemning worldly life, urging people to withdraw from it and avoid it out of fear of its dangers. They warned people against loving the world and becoming infatuated with it, continuously highlighting its flaws until people became afraid of it and possessed nothing, suffering from hunger after previously suffering from the excesses of satiety.

These preachers overdid their treatment and exaggerated the remedy, considering the world as an enemy that brings nothing but evil. They justified their actions by pointing to the corrupt use of wealth and the dominance of materialism at the expense of spirituality. However, despite their good intentions, they made a mistake in their approach by over-medicating, leading to the emergence of more severe diseases than the original ailment.

The correct approach is for Muslims to understand the verses and hadiths that condemn worldly life as akin to an insulin injection for a diabetic, introducing an additional substance into the body to compensate for the deficiency in the inactive glands. The meaning here is that if some people have lost their minds and come to believe that this world is the entirety of existence, clinging to this misconception and magnifying life while denying anything beyond it, as stated in the verse, "And they swear by Allah their strongest oaths that Allah will never resurrect one who dies" (An-Nahl: 38), then a powerful and alarming message is needed to remind them that the world they exaggerate and limit themselves to is insignificant compared to the Hereafter, which they must inevitably face.

Islam does not condemn life in order to create generations who are blind to its lights and ignorant of its secrets, but rather condemns it to ensure moderation (3). Therefore, these preachers must identify the source of the disease and select the appropriate medicine and suitable dosages for each individual, so they do not harm where they intended to do good, or commit injustice where they intended justice.

Third: Those who seek to appease people by making them accept their current situation:

Some preachers focused on making poverty appealing to people, convincing them to accept their current situation so they wouldn't resent their lives or question their provisions. They often exaggerated this point, using the Prophet's (PBUH) saying: "Look at those who are lower than you (financially) but do not look at those who are higher than you, lest you belittle the favors Allah conferred upon you." (4) In truth, this hadith was not meant to encourage withdrawal from worldly life in all cases but rather to provide a remedy for a specific illness. If a person looks at someone who is above them, it may lead to envy, and the remedy is to look at someone who is below them so that it becomes a reason for gratitude (5). If there is no illness—namely, attachment to the world and viewing it as a goal and end—then why insist on taking the medicine?

In addition, trying to appease people by making them accept their current situation and making poverty appealing to them is nothing more than a manifestation of inferiority, a desire to live life in its lowest form. The truth is that this issue is merely about clinging to the remnants of life, even if it is in the lowest depths of misery, filled with thorns and filth! You see all this deeply rooted in the decisions of sick souls, fueled by misguided teachings and erroneous ideas, so that it appears on the tongues as if it were praise and gratitude, but in reality, it is contentment with a life of servitude!

The Qur'an has criticized people for being content with life in any form, saying: "And you will surely find them the most greedy of people for life, even more than those who associate others with Allah. One of them wishes that he could be given a life of a thousand years, but it would not remove him from the punishment that he is given a life that long. And Allah is seeing of what they do" (Al-Baqarah: 96). This verse emphasizes that running away from a wretched life, even to death, is a psychological humiliation that has enveloped much of the Islamic East. The strange thing is that this is done in the name of faith in Allah and submission to destiny. However, experience has taught us that courage in the face of death is a virtue that only appears in living peoples and strong nations. The early Arabs were more eager for death than their enemies were for life, and they were the furthest from being satisfied with a weak life or remaining at peace in its embrace. How far this is from people who now fill their stomachs with whatever they can find on the earth and then not only accept this but also say, "O Allah, make it a lasting blessing, and preserve it from vanishing." (6)

It is not wrong for a person to pray to Allah to preserve and sustain blessings, but it is wrong to surrender to weakness and laziness. The Qur'an condemned those who were content with a lowly life and lived as weaklings on the earth without seeking a way out of it. Allah says: "Indeed, those whom the angels take in death while wronging themselves, they will say, 'In what [condition] were you?' They will say, 'We were oppressed in the land.' They [the angels] will say, 'Was not the earth of Allah spacious [enough] for you to emigrate therein?' For those, their refuge is Hell - and evil it is as a destination" (An-Nisa: 97). This verse emphasizes that humiliation is a crime, and living life in weakness and submission is a precursor to downfall in the Hereafter. The verse prohibits accepting inferiority and being accustomed to weakness and mandates resistance until the last breath. A Muslim does not accept life in any form and at any price. It must be as he desires, or he will reject it and find something better with his Lord (7).

Therefore, it is not appropriate for some preachers to make poverty appealing to people and convince them to accept it based on destiny or reliance on laziness, as this contradicts the Islamic approach and causes weakness and humiliation.

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(1)  "The Call to Poverty: A Critical Study" by Dr. Ramadan Hamida Mohamed, p. 10.

(2) "Alaqida w Alsharia fi El-Islam" by Goldziher, p. 119.

(3) "Kaif Nafham Al-Islam" by Sheikh Muhammad Ghazali, p. 42.

(4) Agreed upon, narrated by Al-Bukhari (6125) and Muslim (2963).

(5) "Fath al-Bari" by Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, (11/323).

(6) "Islam wa-al-Awda` al-Iqtisadiyah" by Sheikh Muhammad Ghazali, p. 59.

(7) "Qadha'if al-Haqq" by Sheikh Muhammad Ghazali, p. 218.

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Imam Al-Qurtubi mentioned in his Tafsir that Ibn Abbas reported that Abu Jahl once said, “When Muhammad recites, make noise in his face so that he does not know what he is saying.” Then Allah revealed His words: “And those who disbelieve say, ‘Do not listen to this Quran and speak noisily during [the recitation of] it that perhaps you will overcome.’” (Fussilat: 26). Mujahid said the meaning of this is to cause noise through clapping, shouting, and confusion, making the recitation mere noise. Al-Dhahhak said: Increase your speech so that what he says becomes mixed up (1). This is evidence of the disbelievers’ eagerness to divert people from listening to the Quran.

This has always been the practice of the enemies of Islam, both in the past and in the present. They strive to create distractions and occupy people away from the Quran, turning their attention to temptations that divert them from it. Listening to the Quran has great benefits and virtues, as outlined below:

First: Responding to Allah’s Command

Allah says: “So when the Quran is recited, then listen to it and pay attention that you may receive mercy.” (Al-A'raf: 204). This means to listen attentively so that you may understand its verses and take heed of its lessons (2). Allah has described the servants of the Most Merciful as those who do not turn away from the Quran when it is recited to them. Rather, they listen to it, heed it, and are guided by its teachings, as Allah says: “And those who, when reminded of the verses of their Lord, do not fall upon them deaf and blind.” (Al-Furqan: 73). Allah has also described the people of knowledge as those who listen to the Quran and are moved by it, as He says: “And [it is] a Quran which We have separated [by intervals] that you might recite it to the people over a prolonged period. And We have sent it down progressively. Say, ‘Believe in it or do not believe. Indeed, those who were given knowledge before it, when it is recited to them, they fall upon their faces in prostration, and they say, ‘Exalted is our Lord! Indeed, the promise of our Lord has been fulfilled.’ And they fall upon their faces weeping, and it increases them in humble submission.’” (Al-Isra: 106-109).

Second: Following the Example of the Prophet

The Prophet ﷺ used to listen to the Quran and expressed his love for it. In the Sahihayn (Bukhari and Muslim), Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him, “If you were to see me, as I was listening to your recitation (of the Qur'an) yester-night (you would have felt delighted). You are in fact endowed with a sweet voice like that of David himself.” He replied, “Had I known you were listening, I would have beautified it for you even more.”

Imam Ahmad reported in his Musnad that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ entered the mosque one night while he was between Abu Bakr and Umar (may Allah be pleased with them), and he heard Ibn Mas'ud reciting Surah An-Nisa. When he reached the end of the hundredth verse, the Prophet ﷺ said, “Whoever would like to recite the Qur'an fresh as it was revealed, let him recite it according to the recitation of Ibn Umm 'Abd,” referring to Abdullah Ibn Mas'ud.

In Sahih Bukhari, Abdullah reported that the Prophet ﷺ said to him, “Recite the Quran to me.” He replied, “Shall I recite it to you while it has been revealed to you?” The Prophet ﷺ said, “I like to hear it from others.” Ibn Battal commented, saying that it is possible that the Prophet ﷺ preferred to hear it from someone else so that it would be a Sunnah to review the Quran. Another possible reason is that it allowed him to reflect and ponder over it, as the listener is more focused and free to reflect, unlike the reciter, who is occupied with the act of reading and its rulings (3).

Third: Guidance to the Straight Path

Allah has emphasized that the Quran guides to the most upright path, as He says: “Indeed, this Quran guides to that which is most suitable.” (Al-Isra: 9). Allah also says: “So give good tidings to My servants who listen to speech and follow the best of it. Those are the ones Allah has guided, and those are people of understanding.” (Az-Zumar: 17-18). The Quran further clarifies that when the jinn listened to the Quran, they declared that it guides to the straight path, as Allah says: “And [mention, O Muhammad], when We directed to you a few of the jinn, listening to the Quran. And when they attended it, they said, ‘Listen quietly.’ And when it was concluded, they went back to their people as warners. They said, ‘O our people, indeed we have heard a [recited] Book revealed after Moses confirming what was before it; it guides to the truth and to a straight path.’” (Al-Ahqaf: 29-30).

Some modern studies have confirmed that listening to the Quran guides the mind, heart, and body to goodness, alleviating diseases and improving behavior. Allah says: “And We send down of the Quran that which is healing and mercy for the believers, but it does not increase the wrongdoers except in loss.” (Al-Isra: 82).

Fourth: Receiving Allah’s Mercy

Allah explains that listening to the Quran brings His mercy and makes the servant deserving of it, as He says: “So when the Quran is recited, then listen to it and pay attention that you may receive mercy.” (Al-A'raf: 204).

Fifth: Purification and Tranquility of the Heart

Reciting and listening to the Quran softens and calms the heart. Allah says: “Allah has sent down the best statement: a consistent Book wherein is reiteration. The skins shiver therefrom of those who fear their Lord; then their skins and their hearts relax at the remembrance of Allah. That is the guidance of Allah by which He guides whom He wills. And one whom Allah leaves astray - for him there is no guide.” (Az-Zumar: 23). Allah also says: “And those who disbelieve say, ‘Why was the Quran not revealed to him all at once?’ Thus [it is] that We may strengthen thereby your heart. And We have spaced it distinctly.” (Al-Furqan: 32).

Listening to the Quran brings humility to the heart, as Allah says: “If We had sent down this Quran upon a mountain, you would have seen it humbled and coming apart from fear of Allah. And these examples We present to the people that perhaps they will give thought.” (Al-Hashr: 21). Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) said: “If your hearts were pure, you would never have enough of the words of Allah, the Almighty.” (4)

Sixth: Earning Multiplied Rewards

Imam Ahmad reported in his Musnad that Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said, “Whoever listens to a verse from the Book of Allah, a multiplied reward is written for him. Whoever recites a verse from the Book of Allah, they will have a light on the Day of Resurrection.”

Seventh: Increase in Faith

Listening to the Quran contributes to an increase in faith, as Allah says: “The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, their hearts become fearful, and when His verses are recited to them, it increases them in faith.” (Al-Anfal: 2). This is because they listen attentively and bring their hearts to reflect on it. As a result, their faith increases (5).

Eighth: A Means of Dawah

The Prophet ﷺ was keen that people listen to the Quran. The polytheists used to sneak away in secret to listen to the Quran from him and from Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, and they were affected by it. Allah urged the believers to convey the Quran to people so they may hear it, as He says: “And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety.” (At-Tawbah: 6).

Ninth: Protection from Being Misled by the Disbelievers

Allah describes those who do not believe in the Hereafter as turning away from listening to the Quran. Allah has diverted them and led them astray because they turned away from it, as He says: “And when you recite the Quran, We put between you and those who do not believe in the Hereafter a concealed partition. And We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And when you mention your Lord alone in the Quran, they turn back in aversion.” (Al-Isra: 45-46). Allah also says: “And among them are those who listen to you, but We have placed over their hearts coverings, lest they understand it, and in their ears deafness. And if they should see every sign, they will not believe in it.” (Al-An'am: 25). Allah describes those who turn away from listening to the Quran as deserving His wrath and punishment, as He says: "And do not be like those who say, 'We have heard,' while they do not hear. Indeed, the worst of living creatures in the sight of Allah are the deaf and dumb who do not use reason. Had Allah known any good in them, He would have made them hear. And if He had made them hear, they would still have turned away, while they were refusing." (Surah Al-Anfal: 21-23).

Tenth: Avoiding Temptations and Evil Deeds

Deliberately turning away from listening to the Qur'an and benefiting from its guidance not only leads to misguidance in this world but also results in punishment in the Hereafter, as Allah Almighty says: “Woe to every sinful liar who hears the verses of Allah recited to him, then persists arrogantly as if he had not heard them. So give him tidings of a painful punishment.” (Surah Al-Jathiyah: 7-8).

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(1)  Tafsir Al-Qurtubi (15/356).

(2) The same reference (13/344).

(3) Fath Al-Bari by Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani (9/117).

(4) Fada'il Al-Sahabah by Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (1/479).

(5) Tafsir Al-Sa'di (2/188).

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5 Secrets to Happiness

September 02, 2024

A person spends a significant portion of their life searching for happiness and its secrets in the paths of life, in various forms such as wealth, health, success, or children. Yet, in the end, they find themselves chasing after things that have no lasting value or permanence. Wealth may leave its owner for any reason, or the owner may leave it behind upon departing from this life. Health fades with the passing of years, children become occupied with their own lives, repeating the cycle in new generations, and success loses its value over time, leaving only what was done for Allah and in His way.

People chase in many directions while true happiness is right at their fingertips, not far from them. True happiness is only found in a heart connected to Allah, content with Him. A heart that loves for the sake of Allah and hates for the sake of Allah, a heart assured that all its fates are good as long as it is committed to obeying its Lord and maintains a clean heart toward others, thereby ensuring stability on the path to happiness, the path of safety until the Hereafter. This path has five secrets:

1. A Pure Heart:

The Islamic community is built on brotherhood, love, affection, cooperation, and connection among Muslims, free from reasons for resentment, grudges, and heart diseases. The highest level of brotherhood is altruism, and its lowest level is having a pure heart.

Islam has emphasized purifying a Muslim's heart from its diseases and making it the focus of Allah's attention. Allah says: "The Day when there will not benefit [anyone] wealth or children. But only one who comes to Allah with a sound heart." (Surah Ash-Shu'ara, 88-89).

Among the blessings of Allah on the Muslim community is that He made them characterized by solidarity and affection. He says: "And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided. And remember the favor of Allah upon you—when you were enemies, and He brought your hearts together and you became, by His favor, brothers." (Surah Al-Imran, 103).

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) also emphasized brotherhood among Muslims: " Do not harbour grudge against one another, nor jealousy, nor enmity; and do not show your backs to one another; and become as fellow brothers and slaves of Allah. It is not lawful for a Muslim to avoid speaking with his brother beyond three days." (Bukhari). When asked about the best of people, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: " Everyone who is pure of heart and sincere in speech." They said: "Sincere in speech, we know what this is, but what is pure of heart?" He said: "It is (the heart) that is pious and pure, with no sin, injustice, rancor or envy in it." (Sunan Ibn Majah).

2. Remembrance of Allah:

The worship of remembrance (Dhikr) is one of the most important and easiest acts of worship, bringing peace to the heart: "Unquestionably, by the remembrance of Allah hearts are assured." (Surah Ar-Ra’d, 28). It renews faith and causes the servant to be mentioned in the heavens. Allah says: "So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful to Me and do not deny Me." (Surah Al-Baqarah, 152). Allah praises those who remember Him abundantly and promises them a great reward: "And the men who remember Allah often and the women who do so—Allah has prepared for them forgiveness and a great reward." (Surah Al-Ahzab, 35).

The Prophet (peace be upon him) described it as one of the best acts of worship: "Shall I not inform you of the best of your actions which are the purest to your Rubb, which exalt you to the high ranks, which are more efficacious than spending gold and silver (in charity), and better for you than you should encounter your enemies whom you will smite their necks and they will smite your necks?" They said: " Certainly." He said: "Remembrance of Allah, the Exalted." (Ahmad and At-Tirmidhi).

3. Love for the Sake of Allah:

One of the sources of happiness is knowing that Allah has chosen you to be among those who will be shaded by His Throne. In the Hadith of the seven whom Allah will shade in His shade on the Day when there is no shade but His, the Prophet (peace be upon him) mentioned: "Two persons who love and meet each other and depart from each other for the sake of Allah." (Bukhari and Muslim). When a Muslim's soul is purified and they hold only good feelings for other Muslims, they attain inner peace and a clear conscience. Allah will call out to those who loved each other for His sake on the Day of Judgment, distinguishing them from other believers. Abu Huraira (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "On the Day of Resurrection, Allah, the Exalted, will say: 'Where are those who have mutual love for the sake of My Glory? Today I shall shelter them in My Shade when there will be no shade except Mine'" (Muslim).

Loving for the sake of Allah leaves a sweetness in the heart that only the lover feels. Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: "There are three qualities that whoever has them will taste the sweetness of faith: to love Allah and His Messenger more than anything else, to love a slave (of Allah) only for (the sake of) Allah; and to abhor returning to infidelity after Allah has saved him from it as he would abhor to be thrown into the fire (of Hell)." (Bukhari and Muslim).

Every companion on the Day of Judgment will be an enemy to his companion except those whose hearts were purified from every love except the love for Allah. Allah says: "Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous." (Surah Az-Zukhruf, 67).

4. Contentment and Submission to the Decree of Allah:

Contentment is one of the most important acts of worship of the heart, indicating the servant's love for their Lord, their contentment with Him, and their surrender to Him. The driving force behind the believer's heart and actions comes from the words of Allah: "Say, 'Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector.' And upon Allah let the believers rely." (Surah At-Tawbah, 51). The believer also relies on the understanding of the Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him) when he said to Abdullah bin Abbas: "O boy! I will instruct you in some matters. Be watchful of Allah (Commandments of Allah), He will preserve you. Safeguard His Rights, He will be ever with you. If you beg, beg of Him Alone; and if you need assistance, supplicate to Allah Alone for help. And remember that if all the people gather to benefit you, they will not be able to benefit you except that which Allah had foreordained (for you); and if all of them gather to do harm to you, they will not be able to afflict you with anything other than that which Allah had pre-destined against you. The pens had been lifted and the ink had dried up." (At-Tirmidhi).

When the driving force is faith, it brings peace to the heart and happiness with all of Allah's gifts, regardless of their apparent form, because the believer trusts Allah.

5. Prayer:

Prayer is a connection between the servant and their Lord, encompassing many acts of worship. It includes remembrance, fasting, pilgrimage, and glorification. No other act of worship combines this amount of worship except prayer. It is the key to success and salvation. Allah says: "Certainly will the believers have succeeded. They who are during their prayer humbly submissive." (Surah Al-Mu’minun, 1-2). He also describes the happy men: "Men whom neither commerce nor sale distracts from the remembrance of Allah and performance of prayer and giving of zakah." (Surah An-Nur, 37).

How could one not be happy when they pray Fajr in congregation or on time for women, knowing they are under Allah's protection and care when they read the Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "When anyone offers the Fajr (dawn) prayer, in congregation, he is in the Protection of Allah. So let not Allah call him to account, withdrawing, in any respect, His Protection. Because, He will get hold of him and throw him down on his face in the Hell-fire." (Muslim). Allah's protection means His promise of care and guardianship.

How could the heart of a believer not be happy when they perform ablution and pray two rak’ahs, knowing they are promised Paradise when they read the Hadith of the Prophet (peace be upon him): "Any one performs ablution and performs the ablution perfectly and then offers two rak’ahs of prayers concentrating on them with his heart and face but paradise will necessarily fall to his lot." (Muslim).

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Recently, American activist Tygee Berry announced his conversion to Islam at the Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul while participating in a protest against the genocide in Gaza.

Berry appeared in a widely circulated video, where he was seen reciting the Shahada, embracing Islam.

https://x.com/neslyhanonder/status/1783126012454174859?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1783126012454174859%7Ctwgr%5Ecc08432d244ea2ae00b57f2066b64cab28530fb7%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmugtama.com%2F28%2F325097%2F 

It is worth noting that Berry is a member of the American "Pink Code" movement, and he and his wife have been actively defending the Palestinian cause for years. The American activist came to Istanbul to participate in the "Freedom Flotilla," which is set to sail soon from Turkey to Gaza in an attempt to break the blockade imposed by the occupation.

French Coach

In Algeria, French coach Patrice Beaumelle (46 years old), the coach of the Mouloudia Alger football team, embraced Islam because of Gaza.

The Algerian newspaper "El Bilad" posted a video on the platform "X," showing Beaumelle at the "Jinan El Mabrouk" mosque in Algeria, announcing his conversion to Islam and changing his name to Amir.

In the same video, the sheikh who welcomed Patrice Beaumelle stated that the reason for his conversion was the events in Gaza, which led him to inquire about Islam, eventually leading him to embrace it.

https://x.com/El_Bilade/status/1783849276541378804?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1783849276541378804%7Ctwgr%5Ecc08432d244ea2ae00b57f2066b64cab28530fb7%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fmugtama.com%2F28%2F325097%2F 

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As the new school year approaches across various educational stages in many Arab countries, families prepare to embark on a new journey of effort and diligence with their children to acquire knowledge, study, and achieve the highest grades in pursuit of a better future.

Given the long summer vacation (3 to 4 months), a child or student needs motivational factors to ensure their psychological, mental, and physical readiness before the school year begins. This can be achieved through the following:

1. Psychological Preparation: Begin by helping children transition away from the habits they developed during the vacation, such as staying up late, using phones and social media for extended periods, and wasting time on leisure activities. These habits should be curbed at least a week or ten days before school starts to improve the student's ability to adjust to the school routine.

2. Engage in Conversations: Educational experts recommend talking with children about the upcoming school year, sparking enthusiasm within them for the new academic stage. Discuss their aspirations for the new year and their plans with classmates and teachers. Encourage them to start communicating with their peers and teachers, perhaps to organize a start-of-year party or plan student activities after the summer.

3. Early Rising: Waking up early is an important and necessary part of preparing the student both mentally and physically for school. Reintroduce family traditions like having breakfast together, engaging in physical exercise, and dedicating an hour to reading to refresh memory and gain new knowledge, which will give the student a sense of confidence as they face a new educational marathon.

4. Academic Preparation: Students should begin familiarizing themselves with the new subjects they will be studying and get a sense of the content. Watching educational videos related to these subjects can be helpful. They might also start taking lessons in a subject they find difficult or in which they need to improve their performance compared to the previous year.

5. Organizing Study Space: Arranging the study area or their personal room, setting up their library, and preparing school supplies, bags, and uniforms can psychologically and mentally prepare the child for the new school year. This can foster a spirit of enthusiasm and happiness, provided that distractions like TV and video games are avoided in the study area.

6. Time Management: Encourage the child to organize their time and create a study schedule that includes time for Quran reading, physical activity, and sufficient sleep, along with a weekly day off to meet relatives and friends, pursue hobbies, or go out for leisure. This refreshes and revitalizes them.

7. Setting Goals: It is important for the student to set a goal or several academic goals, such as being among the top students in their class or school, depending on their abilities, achieving high marks in a particular subject, improving their skills and abilities, participating in school competitions, and striving for the ideal student award. These small or large goals can drive them toward success and achievement.

8. Healthy Eating: Doctors recommend consuming healthy food and ensuring a nutritious breakfast rich in minerals and vitamins, such as eggs, milk, fruits, and fresh vegetables. A healthy breakfast improves cognitive performance, positively impacting school performance. Avoid fatty foods, fast food, and soft drinks as they weaken the immune system and contribute to obesity and diabetes.

9. School Familiarization: It is advisable to take your child to school before the school year begins, especially if they are attending for the first time or transitioning to a new educational stage. Explore the school's features and geographic location with them. If possible, introduce them to their teachers to help them feel confident and supported by you, as well as psychologically comfortable and familiar with the new environment.

10. Open Dialogue: Engage in conversation with your child, ask them about their needs, and let them talk about what they like or dislike about school. Try to understand their needs, listen to their memories from last year, and ask what they plan for the new year. Who are their favorite teachers and why? What activities do they enjoy during school hours? What are their plans for the new year? This approach strengthens their self-confidence and sense of appreciation from those around them.

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Palestinian resistance began to pose a significant and strategic challenge to the Zionist occupying state since the outbreak of the First Palestinian Intifada in 1987. This was followed by events that required the evolution of resistance both tactically and militarily. "Al-Aqsa Intifada" in 2000 saw a major development in Palestinian resistance from a military standpoint, as it faced the Zionist war machine which began using fighter planes, military tanks, and artillery. This led the resistance to develop advanced military means to confront the new Zionist war machine.

Palestinian resistance was not a product of the "Stone Intifada" in 1987 or "Al-Aqsa Intifada" in 2000. It preceded these events with popular resistance led by Sheikh Izz ad-Din al-Qassam in 1936, and the Palestinian popular resistance led by Sheikh Abdul Qadir al-Husseini in 1947 against the British. Additionally, there was Palestinian popular resistance and the revolution of the people against the Zionist occupation, its massacres against Palestinians, and the "Nakba" in 1948, which resulted in the occupation of Palestinian land and the displacement of its inhabitants.

This resistance, with all its components, goals, and objectives, is both a right and a duty. It is a means to achieve the Palestinian people's goals of liberating their usurped land and determining their destiny, just like other nations that have struggled and resisted occupation until they achieved their freedom. For this to be possible, it must embody a vision, implement a strategy, and be under leadership that prioritizes achieving unity and the necessity of working towards it. The strategy must be capable of being employed in the context of the open battle with the Zionist occupation, which becomes more intense the longer the occupation lasts. This requires mobilizing all resources towards achieving its national and legitimate goals.

Gaza represented a Unique Human Phenomenon and an Iconic Model of Palestinian Resistance

Whether through rounds of fighting or wars with the Zionist occupying state, Gaza has become a unique and globally significant event in terms of its impact and the reactions to it. Gaza has exemplified a legendary model of Palestinian resistance against the Zionist, Western colonial, and racist settler project, addressing global conscience and human sentiment in a distinctive way amid the noise of Zionist hegemony, the strict deterrence of Arab regimes, and the fragmentation of Arab solidarity with the Palestinian cause and its people.

International Charters

Moreover, there is the Arab rush, accompanied by the American stick, to avoid criticizing the occupying state or engaging in normalization with it. Instead, they encourage normalization, flexibility, and alignment with it to avoid its consequences, often at the expense of Arab rights in Palestine. They ignore the role of the occupying state in killing the Palestinian people, displacing them through massacres, and showing no regard for Palestinian rights or respect for international humanitarian law, while demonizing the resistance that is protected by international laws that disappear when it comes to the Zionist occupying state, which enjoys Western-American international cover.

While international charters and UN resolutions guarantee the Palestinian people's right to resistance by all means, including armed resistance, these charters put the West in an awkward position. They boast of being defenders of the law while denying the Palestinians their legitimate right and turning a blind eye to the war crimes committed by the occupying state against Palestinians, both leadership and people, who continuously affirm the legitimacy of their defense of their land, including armed resistance. They have this right not only from an ethical standpoint but also from the perspective of international law and UN resolutions, as stated in Article 2 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, issued on August 26, 1789, which states that "Resistance to oppression is a fundamental right, and Palestinians have the right to demand it."

On the other hand, the right to self-determination is a fixed right in international law and a fundamental principle in the UN Charter. According to its Resolution No. (1514) on December 14, 1960, for the Declaration on the Granting of Independence, it is explicitly stated that "All peoples have the right to self-determination. By virtue of that right, they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social, and cultural development."

This right includes the Palestinian cause, as affirmed by UN Resolution (3236) on November 22, 1974, which states that the UN "recognizes the right of the Palestinian people to regain their rights by all means in accordance with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, and calls upon all states and international organizations to support the Palestinian people in their struggle to regain their rights in accordance with the Charter."

Bases of Resistance for Liberation

Palestinian resistance for liberation is based on several foundations. First: The ideological and religious conviction related to the material, moral, and military preparation to reclaim the land and expel the occupier, based on the Quranic verse: “And prepare against them whatever you are able of power and steeds of war by which you may terrify the enemy of Allah and your enemy” (Surah Al-Anfal: 60).

Second: Emulating the liberatory model achieved by Arab peoples who resisted British and French colonialism until they achieved their freedom, regained their land and dignity. Without resistance, they would not have achieved the honor, dignity, and freedom they desired.

Resistance as a Means to Achieve the Palestinian People's Goals of Liberating Their Usurped Land

Third: Adherence to the established right guaranteed by international norms and laws that protect the rights of peoples to resist colonization for liberation and self-determination, even if those laws and balances are skewed in favor of the occupying state, supported by the US, which blocks all laws in its favor in the Security Council and the UN, or rushes to support, protect, and use force and deterrence against any Arab or Islamic countries opposing it that support the Palestinian cause.

While the occupying state receives all material and moral support from its strategic ally, the US, and generally from Western Europe, Palestinian resistance faces numerous challenges. These include hostility from some Arab regimes that consider it terrorism and a burden on the Palestinian people, forgetting that Jews only understand the language of power and that their most notable traits are treachery and lack of fidelity to promises and agreements. Their relationship with Arabs is based on interests, without ignoring hostility.

Additionally, the Arab regimes' failure to support and assist the resistance axis in Palestine—politically and materially—has resulted in attempts by many Arab regimes to label Palestinian resistance as "terrorism," stripping it of its right to self-defense against the occupier, and considering it a violation of the occupying state's rights. They have frozen all sources of support, fought all who support it materially, banned all institutions providing support, and pursued anyone who politically or materially supports it, freezing their financial accounts.

Despite previous issues, Palestinian resistance remains the banner of the Palestinian people in defending their just cause and the spearhead in the Arab-Zionist conflict equation. Even though some Arab nationals and partners in blood and goals have betrayed it, the resistance has always understood that "no one can replace your own skin" and that only the rightful owners will reclaim the land, even if it costs them rivers of blood, which will be the hallmark of victory and the dawn of liberation “And [they] say, 'When is that?' Say, 'Perhaps it will be soon'” (Surah Al-Isra: 51).

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It is evident to every sensible person that theoretical study requires practical application to test its validity. It is also evident that practical implementation based on randomness and deliberate neglect of theoretical principles and original scientific studies does not lead to safety and success, but rather to destruction and ruin.

In the field of judicial reform, theoretical foundations should be supplemented with practical duties that contribute to achieving the desired outcome. Some of the practical duties for reforming the judiciary are as follows (1):

1. Regulating Laws and Judicial Rulings:

Practical reform of the judicial system requires amending some existing laws and enacting new laws that align with Islamic Sharia. This task requires the concerted efforts of judges and addressing family problems, divorce dilemmas, alimony issues, and inheritance crises. It involves consulting the opinions of jurists from all schools of thought to choose what is best for people with deep insight into the secrets of legislation.

Additionally, organizing Sharia courts from a legal and systematic perspective can greatly alleviate the hardships and complexities people face due to the rigidity of some texts and the complexity of litigation procedures.

Regulating judicial rulings requires enhancing the practical efficiency of judges through court inspections. This can be achieved by requiring each court to submit a monthly summary of each case and the court's ruling. These summaries should be reviewed by a higher committee to verify correctness and review any errors. Judges should be provided with feedback and guidance on how to handle similar cases in the future.

2. Reconciliation Between Disputants:

Reconciliation between disputants before issuing judgments helps regulate the judicial system, based on Allah's saying: "And if it returns, then make settlement between them in justice" (Al-Hujurat: 9). If two Muslims or groups fight, the leader should reconcile between them according to the Book of Allah and with good advice and removing doubts.

The divine law for resolving marital disputes relies on reconciliation, as Allah says: "And if you fear dissension between the two, send an arbitrator from his people and an arbitrator from her people. If they both desire reconciliation, Allah will cause it between them. Indeed, Allah is ever Knowing and Acquainted [with all things]" (An-Nisa: 35).

Imam Muhammad Abduh advised his student Muhammad Al-Maraghi before his travel to Sudan to take up a judicial position in 1904, saying: "I advise you to be more of a guide to the people than a judge. If you can resolve disputes with reconciliation, do not resort to judgment, for judgments cut off relations between families, while reconciliation heals and mends wounds (2)." Therefore, reform in the judicial system does not rely solely on issuing correct judgments but also extends to guiding disputants towards what is beneficial and good.

3. Ease in Issuing Fatwas:

Ease in issuing fatwas is an important practical means for reforming the judicial system because it contributes to alleviating people's hardships. The rules established by jurists were meant for the benefit of humanity and to regulate their mutual relationships. Therefore, they should cater to necessity and aim to relieve people's hardships. Judges should rule according to texts that alleviate people's burdens, as Islam advocates ease, not hardship. Allah says: "Allah intends for you ease and does not intend for you hardship" (Al-Baqarah: 185) and "And Allah wants to lighten for you [your difficulties]; and mankind was created weak." (An-Nisa: 28).

The Prophet (peace be upon him) sent Mu'adh and Abu Musa to Yemen and instructed them: "Make things easy and do not make them difficult; gladden and do not scare; comply with one another and do not disagree." (3) This hadith emphasizes ease and gentleness.

Therefore, Islamic jurisprudence principles are based on ease and removing hardships (4). A mufti should search for everything in the jurists' opinions that promotes ease for people, and a judge should choose the opinions that serve people's interests and alleviate their hardships.

Some jurists even allowed judges to apply a weak opinion in the jurisprudential school when necessity is confirmed, provided that the purpose is not to follow desires or worldly gains (5). This encourages considering people's circumstances and being gentle and easy in judicial rulings.

4. Islamic Example in Judicial Practices:

Undoubtedly, leading by example and behavior has a greater impact and stronger argument than mere words. The condition of one individual serving as a role model in a group of a hundred has more influence than a hundred speakers addressing one person.

Judicial reform is only halfway complete with legal reforms; the other half lies with the judge's integrity. The judge must understand the facts accurately, weigh the evidence, and avoid delaying justice. He must instill confidence in people and make them accept his rulings, even if they are against them, by maintaining good conduct and avoiding suspicions (6).

This emphasizes that laws alone are not enough to build people's trust in the judiciary. The judge's integrity, impartiality, and reputation for fairness are crucial for gaining public confidence in judicial rulings.

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(1) Principles of Judicial System Reform: Dr. Ramadan Hameda Muhammad, p. 18.

(2) Al-Maraghi, Sheikh of Al-Azhar: Muhammad Kurd Ali, p. 299.

(3) Agreed upon, narrated by Imam Al-Bukhari (4086) and Muslim (1733).

(4) Al-Muwafaqat: Al-Shatibi (1/520).

(5) Ijtihad in Islam, p. 39.

(6) Islamic Renaissance in the Lives of its Contemporary Figures: Dr. Muhammad Rajab Al-Bayoumi (1/427).

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