Yes, she is half a woman, perhaps the remnants of a woman, facing the brutal Zionist aggression in steadfast Gaza amidst international complicity. She is the woman who lived through the tragedy of the infamous Sednaya Prison in Syria for years. She is the mother now displaced in Yemen, a refugee in Sudan, whose family has been torn apart, losing her husband, a son, or a brother.

Women are often the ones who pay the heaviest price in wars, and they usually pay this price multiple times. They pay it as women subjected to rape and sexual violence, as wives widowed by the killing of their husbands, as mothers whose children become martyrs, and as activists facing oppression and imprisonment, enduring a massive and bloody tragedy with lasting effects for years and decades.

From injustice and oppression to poverty, ignorance, unemployment, and spinsterhood, women in many countries endure harsh suffering due to wars in which they have no stake, yet they remain targets for the machinery of war, the regime’s thugs, and the prisons of dictators. Meanwhile, the world boasts about “women's rights” in the 21^st century.

Eyes are closed, tongues are silenced, and consciences die when the target and victim are Arab or Muslim women. Then, they become deaf, mute, and blind, neither condemning the suffering of these women nor imposing sanctions on those responsible for their ordeal. The suffering of these women, driven to the edge by wars and ongoing conflicts funded by regional and international forces, unfolds under the watchful eye of the international community and global organizations.

When Umm Ahmed stepped on a landmine left behind by years of war in Yemen, it tore apart her frail body. She wasn’t a fighter in a battle, nor was she affiliated with any political party; she was merely a victim caught between lives lost and limbs severed, as reported by the International Committee of the Red Cross.

The 2023 report states that women are sometimes used as tools of war, subjected to physical violence, their social roles shrink and their options diminish as conflicts drag on. This exacerbates their suffering and makes them vulnerable to economic, social, and psychological setbacks.

According to alarming statistics, nearly 90 million girls — one in five girls worldwide — live in conflict zones, facing devastating consequences for their physical and mental health.

Gaza in Agony

The women of Gaza are a living example of this painful reality in a world that annually celebrates women while they are reduced to “half women” in a place that has become a mark of shame on humanity’s conscience. Women and children make up about 70% of the casualties of the “Israeli” war on the Strip between November 2023 and April 2024, according to data from the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.

More than a million women in Gaza lack access to food, clean drinking water, or sanitary facilities, including bathrooms and sanitary pads. Four out of five mothers skip meals to feed their children. Some 155,000 pregnant and breastfeeding women face medical and psychological hardships, and 328,000 girls have been deprived of education. Over a million women have been displaced, according to the report titled “Gaza: War on Women’s Health,” published by UN Women last September.

Sima Bahous, the Executive Director of UN Women, stated that two mothers are killed in Gaza every hour. The spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General, Stéphane Dujarric, reported that around 3,000 women have lost their husbands or become the sole breadwinners for their families in the Zionist war, which claimed over 155,000 martyrs and wounded.

The tragedy of Gaza’s women has long exposed the hypocrisy of the West and the international community regarding women’s rights, with no protection umbrella to shield them from death by shelling, starvation, cold, or captivity. They are defenseless, unarmed, and not military targets to provoke Netanyahu’s jets, Ben-Gvir’s cannons, or Smotrich’s bombs. The world has never moved to establish a no-fly zone to protect civilian women and children or impose severe sanctions on the aggressors, as it did in response to Russia's war on Ukraine.

Of course, the blood of Ukrainian women differs from that of Palestinian women. The international community’s response to women differs based on their nationality, religion, and language. Palestinian women pay the price as females, Arabs, and Muslims, while the world annually celebrates International Women’s Day as the processions of female martyrs continue in Gaza.

True recognition of women should be an opportunity to show solidarity with women in conflict and war zones, especially Palestinian women. It should involve legislating laws to protect them, safeguard their dignity and honor, allocate funds to meet their needs, and rehabilitate them psychologically, medically, educationally, socially, and economically. They should be honored in international forums to ensure they are not reduced to “half women.”

Urgently, reconstruction efforts should extend beyond rebuilding infrastructure to rebuilding these women, providing recovery environments, healing their wounds, compensating them for lost education, facilitating marriage for widows, supporting mothers who have lost children, rescuing those who have lost homes, and ensuring their security while holding aggressors accountable to prevent a recurrence of such tragedies anywhere in the world.

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The ongoing civil war in Sudan has left devastating effects on families and society across all aspects of life, particularly education, which serves as a cornerstone for nurturing children, youth, and future generations through moral and academic frameworks typically chosen during times of stability and development.

In third-world countries, education holds paramount importance in steering society toward achieving its goals, as the family, educational, and religious systems play pivotal and influential roles in the upbringing process.

The displacement and disintegration caused by the war have torn apart Sudanese families, separating fathers from their families, teachers from their students, and preachers from their followers. This has significantly hindered Sudanese society's ability to achieve its educational objectives for children and youth. Many of these children often leave displacement camps to seek relief supplies, scraps of food, low-paying jobs, or even enlist in militias for sustenance and survival.

Conditions in Displacement Camps

According to the International Organization for Migration, the number of displaced persons in Sudan reached 14 million by the end of 2024. A smaller portion of this population resides in displacement camps spread across various Sudanese states, while the majority have found refuge with families, tribes, and Sufi orders—a testament to the solidarity and cooperation characterizing the Sudanese people during crises. Since the war's outbreak on April 15, 2023, there has been a popular mobilization in safe areas to host displaced individuals, sharing the limited resources left by the war. However, for reasons yet unknown, international organizations have failed to establish sufficient camps to accommodate this massive number, amounting to nearly one-third of Sudan’s population.

Several camps, such as those in Al-Damazin, which house over 100,000 displaced individuals from the Blue Nile region, have gained notoriety for their challenges and difficulties. Similarly, the Abu Shouk camp in Darfur is rife with disputes between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces over its control. The Zamzam camp in North Darfur, now overcrowded with over half a million displaced persons, mirrors these dire conditions.

The "Kalma" camp in South Darfur, under the control of the Rapid Support Forces, stands out as one of the worst places for displaced individuals. It suffers from food shortages, a complete collapse of educational systems, and a lack of life-saving medicines and healthcare. Reports of deaths due to the unavailability of essential medications are common, and these conditions are mirrored in displacement camps throughout Sudan.

Educational Challenges

The harsh realities of displacement camps in Sudan have become a significant obstacle to education at all levels—academic, ethical, and cultural. Displaced individuals face challenges in meeting their basic health, educational, and nutritional needs and are often cut off from educators, religious leaders, and community mentors. These obstacles severely hinder the ability of both the state and Sudanese families to fulfill their educational responsibilities.

Education, being a fundamental component of upbringing, faces severe disruption due to the lack of schools, teachers, and basic educational tools. In displacement camps across Chad and areas controlled by the Rapid Support Forces, students were unable to sit for their 2024 exams. Media reports highlighted mutual accusations between the army and the Rapid Support Forces regarding the failure to conduct these exams.

Testimonials from educators and displaced persons reveal acute shortages in resources and infrastructure. Classes are often held in dilapidated tents or under trees, with students sitting on stones and sharing a single textbook held by the teacher. This has made completing the academic year extremely challenging.

According to UNICEF, dropout rates in Sudan are alarmingly high due to the absence of structured curricula and qualified teachers. Additionally, the lack of electricity and teaching materials deprives children of quality education, jeopardizing their future and pushing them toward early employment or hazardous activities.

As for formal education, children face difficulties in taking exams due to the lack of suitable facilities and the deteriorating psychological and social conditions. Additionally, traveling to exam centers in cities or other areas poses a challenge due to the distances between displacement camps and safe areas, the lack of security, and the absence of transportation means, which negatively impacted their academic outcomes throughout the year.

Broader Issues

The challenges in displacement camps extend beyond education. Children lack a healthy social environment due to the absence of social workers, parents, and teachers who would typically guide and mentor them. This has led to increased aggressive behaviors and the disintegration of family ties. Poor health facilities and the spread of diseases like cholera and malaria exacerbate their suffering, as malnutrition and dire environmental conditions heighten the risks of illness and death.

Psychologically, children face repeated trauma from the ongoing war, resulting in deep-seated issues such as depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Crimes such as theft and violence are rampant in the camps, creating an atmosphere of fear and insecurity that hinders the educational process.

Despite these overwhelming challenges, hope remains for saving education in these camps. The Sudanese government, in collaboration with international organizations like UNICEF, has launched initiatives to rehabilitate damaged schools and provide temporary classrooms in camps to ensure the continuity of education under harsh conditions.

Volunteers, including teachers, have also stepped in, offering free lessons to children and helping to sustain the educational process to some extent. International initiatives such as the United Nations’ "Education Cannot Wait" program aim to support children affected by humanitarian crises by building mobile schools and supplying curricula and educational materials.

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Educational issues remain highly sensitive and critically important topic for societies and countries. They are given priority, allocated budgets, and researchers and experts devote their efforts and expertise to develop and advance societies to occupy a high and advanced position among nations. To discuss educational issues in Sudan, we sat with Dr. Yasser Mohamed Maki Abu Harraz, the former Director of the National Center for Educational Research and Curriculum, and the former Director of the National Center for Teacher Training, to present him with a set of issues related to the education in Sudan.

First, we would like to get a general overview of the development of education in Sudan over the past years.

– The Ministry of Education in Sudan has regularly held national conferences on education for review, development, and alignment with the overall educational system in the country. The first National Conference on Education was held in 1969, during which the educational ladder was changed to a (6, 3, 3) system instead of the (4, 4, 4) years system. Subsequent national educational conferences followed, including a significant one in 1990 that for the first time in Sudan's history, clearly defined the goals of Sudanese education since its independence on January 1, 1956. The latest was the National Education Conference in 2012, covering general education, higher education, and technical and vocational education.

For general education, the conference recommended reverting to separate subject curricula at the basic education stage and maintained the school year at 210 days. It also added an additional academic year to the educational ladder (8, 3) years, making it 12 years instead of 11. The Ministry of Education was given the option to place this year in either the basic or secondary education stage based on preference. After conducting numerous discussion sessions, workshops, and studies, the Ministry decided to add the year to the basic education stage, making it 9 years instead of 8. Additionally, the 2012 education conference recommended revising the goals of Sudanese education and the objectives of educational stages.

What is the extent of education spread and enrollment in educational institutions in Sudan compared to the population?

– The estimates for the number of students in general education stages (pre-university education), including Quranic schools and literacy classes, as well as students in both public and private higher education institutions, amounted to about 10 million students out of Sudan's total estimated population of 45 million in 2019. The estimates suggest that the population of Sudan reached around 48 million by the end of 2023.

What are the main issues facing the educational process in Sudan?

– The main educational issues in Sudan can be summarized as follows:

1. School Buildings: For instance, the Federal Ministry of Education's statistics for the academic year 2019/2020 for basic education schools (formerly) in Sudan showed that the highest percentage of available school buildings was in White Nile State (79%), followed by Kassala State (74%), and the lowest in North Darfur State (6%). For secondary education, the highest classroom availability was in Red Sea State (100%), followed by Kassala State (98%).
2. Textbooks: The National Center for Educational Research and Curriculum sets the specifications for printing school textbooks to ensure quality in terms of paper, coloring, cover, and printing quality. These specifications are provided to printers along with the original books to be adhered to precisely.
3. Seating: Several Sudanese states suffer from a shortage of seating for both students and teachers.
4. Public Education Spending and Financing: Economic factors are among the most influential on education, either positively or negatively, as they significantly affect educational budgets. The modern global concept of education is that it is an investment process, and educational planning now relies on economic indicators. The relationship between education and the economy is reciprocal; as the economy prospers, so does education, and vice versa.
5. Teacher Issues: Teachers are the most critical element in the educational process as they implement the curriculum in schools and play a fundamental role in nurturing and caring for students, monitoring their overall development intellectually, spiritually, physically, culturally, and socially. Therefore, it is essential to fully support all aspects related to teachers, from selection, preparation, appointment, training, and qualification to professional development, career progression, and social, financial, and psychological care. Teacher training is a top priority in educational planning because the teacher is the cornerstone of the educational process, and the success of this process primarily depends on the teacher's training and preparation in line with educational changes.

Given this reality, what are the main challenges facing education in Sudan?

– Based on the key educational issues mentioned above, the annual field visit results conducted by the National Center for Teacher Training and the National Center for Educational Research and Curriculum from 2000 to 2019, and reviewing the statistics and reports submitted to the General Directorate of Educational Planning at the Ministry of Education, and through the coordination educational conferences attended by ministers and directors of education from the states during the same period, the main challenges facing education in Sudan are:

1. Insufficient Funding for Education: Both from the central government and the states, which negatively impacts education, resulting in shortages in textbooks, teacher guides, seating, teacher recruitment and training, school building construction and maintenance, lack of laboratories, school activity tools, weak educational supervision, and limited educational technologies and aids.
2. Variation in Education Quality between States: Wealthier states enjoy better educational conditions, while poorer states suffer from deteriorating education quality.
3. Low Teacher Salaries and Benefits: Along with delayed salary payments.
4. Overcrowded Classrooms in Some States: Including Khartoum State, which negatively affects academic performance.
5. Long Rainy Season in Southern States: Such as South Darfur, South Kordofan, and Blue Nile (6 to 8 months), which disrupts the educational process, especially as some schools in these areas are built with unstable materials (hay).
6. Dropout Rates in Rural Schools: Due to students helping their families in farming and herding, early marriage among nomadic tribes, and a shortage of teachers in rural areas as teachers prefer to work in cities for family and financial reasons. Not to mention the insufficient teacher training at various levels.

How has the ongoing war in Sudan for more than a year and a half affected general and higher education?

– The deterioration of education in Sudan began with the leftist government led by former Prime Minister Dr. Abdalla Hamdok after the fall of the National Salvation Government in 2019. This was due to teachers and university professors frequently stopping work and the blocking of roads and disruption of transportation for extended periods, leading to a near-complete paralysis of the educational process, with three consecutive university freshman classes accumulating without studying after passing high school exams and being accepted into universities.

The significant decline in Sudanese education came with the onset of war initiated by the rebel militia led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, aided by foreign mercenaries, on April 15, 2023. This resulted in the destruction of several universities and schools (completely or partially) in some states, especially Khartoum and West Darfur. Most higher education institutions in some states were burned and destroyed, such as the damage to the University of Gezira buildings in Wad Madani. A large number of students were displaced along with their families due to the war, relocating to other areas within Sudan or seeking refuge in neighboring countries like Egypt, Libya, Chad, Ethiopia, and Eritrea.

Are there American strategies to intervene in education curricula in the Arab world, are there practical applications for these strategies, and what has been Sudan’s experience in dealing with them?

– We know that there are foreign (American, “Israeli”) attempts to intervene in some Arab and Islamic countries, one way or another, to alter educational curricula to become secular and atheistic, aiming to produce generations imbued with secular and atheistic ideas, distancing them from their religious beliefs, history, and Islamic cultures.

This happened in Sudan during the leftist and secularist rule from 2019 to 2022 when Dr. Omar al-Qaray was appointed Director of the National Center for Educational Research and Curriculum. He transferred several curriculum specialists from the center to the Ministry of Education in Khartoum State and formed committees from outside the center to prepare school books without meeting the school book specifications, removing the Quran subject and Quranic ayahs and prophetic hadiths from other school books.

These books were distributed to schools in the states, prompting students and their families to protest in many Sudanese cities, leading to some states burning these atheist books in front of the media. After the leftist government fell, Mahmoud Sir Al-Khatm Al-Houri, may Allah have mercy on him, was appointed Minister of Education. He issued a ministerial decision to cancel all these books prepared during Dr. Al-Qaray's term after the state lost substantial funds printing them. A large quantity of these books remains stored in the Ministry of Education warehouses in Khartoum, bearing witness to that dark period in Sudanese education history.

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With a faint voice marked by the strain of fatigue and physical frailty, Sheikh Awad Abdulrahman spoke to us about the humanitarian situation in war-torn areas of central Sudan nearly a year and a half after the outbreak of war due to the rebellion of the “Rapid Support Forces” against the Sudanese army on April 15, 2023.

Abdulrahman, a professor of English literature and a pious sheikh overseeing a Quranic school in Al Jazirah State, said: “In the early months of the war, the city had food supplies, and the communication network allowed residents to receive financial assistance from family members working in safer areas in Sudan or abroad through banking apps. However, shortly afterward, there were widespread attacks on the communication network and organized looting of markets, driving us into a severe food crisis alongside the constant threat of death.”

Describing the situation further, the sheikh continued: “At that time, people began to establish a new pattern of life based on sharing food. They would bring whatever food they had, whether little or much, to a designated place in each neighborhood where they shared the food and the pains of war. This food was very scarce and, without a doubt, lacked real nutritional value. I lost about 20 kilograms during this period, and this is a common condition.”

In a press conference in Port Sudan at the end of his visit to Sudan on September 8, 2024, WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus pointed out that 25.6 million people in Sudan, more than half of the population, are facing high levels of acute food insecurity.

Revival of the Takiya

Inspired by their religious heritage, Sudanese people called the communal food place “Takiya.” In the early days of the war, residents in Khartoum and other cities did not need food aid, but the situation at the border crossings with Egypt was different. Tens of thousands of people were crowded at the border gates waiting for permission to enter Egypt, an unprecedented event in the border town of Wadi Halfa. The city could no longer feed the massive crowds of men, women, and children.

In response to this strange situation, a Sudanese girl with roots in the city launched the first initiative to feed those stranded at the border. Sudanese people quickly interacted with her by transferring money to her bank account. This small initiative soon turned into a large phenomenon that provided relief to Sudanese people stranded in war zones stretching from the city of Al Junaynah on the Sudanese-Chadian border in the west to the city of Al-Dinder in the far northeast near the Sudanese-Ethiopian border.

In Omdurman, the largest of the three cities that make up the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, Sufi Sheikh Al-Amin Omar Al-Amin opened his mosque complex (including the mosque and the attached residences for students and followers) to the residents of the Beit Al-Mal and Abu Rouf areas who were besieged in their homes by fierce armed clashes. The mosque complex became a refuge where people from nearby neighborhoods would come daily to receive food and find relative safety, which Sheikh Al-Amin managed to secure through communication with the fighting parties.

Young lawyer Sohanda Abdelwahab represented a face of charity to which people turned for food aid. Her charitable initiative, supported by thousands of Sudanese through small financial donations, extended to a large social project that provided aid to other afflicted cities, along with food.

In early November 2023, prominent Sudanese journalist Osman Al-Jundi launched the “Takiya Fakit Riq” initiative, meaning “Feeding those who woke up with no food.” Al-Jundi explained his initiative to Xinhua News Agency, saying: “The idea of the Takiya was to provide morning tea with milk and local baked goods. It then developed to the stage of offering daily lunch and Friday breakfast for more than 300 war-affected families in the northern neighborhoods of Omdurman.”

Engineer Mohamed Awad Faqir’s initiative, “Supporting the Armed Forces,” aimed at supporting the families of martyrs and frontline soldiers by providing food, clothing, and medical care for those defending their country. This initiative became one of the first and largest of its kind, providing aid exceeding 500 million Sudanese pounds (about two million dollars) in just 14 months.

These initiatives are not limited to the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, alone. The Ansar Al-Sunna Muhammadiya group in the River Nile State launched the “One Body” initiative to aid those affected by floods and rains in addition to the war, with an initial cost exceeding 18 million Sudanese pounds.

Kuwait’s Contribution

Meanwhile, Kuwait's Ambassador to Sudan, Dr. Fahd Al-Dhafiri, announced the arrival of the twelfth plane in the new air bridge to assist those affected by the war, floods, and rains in Sudan.

Ambassador Al-Dhafiri stated that this initiative stems from the noble directives of His Highness the Emir of Kuwait Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, may Allah protect him, to stand with our brothers in Sudan and alleviate the disaster of war, floods, and rains.

Ambassador Al-Dhafiri noted that the new air bridge is an extension of the air bridge that began at the start of the war in Sudan, which included 18 planes and two ships of aid, one of which carried life-saving medications for cancer patients worth one million dollars. Kuwaiti charitable associations and institutions working in Sudan have also implemented dozens of humanitarian projects to alleviate the suffering of those affected across different parts of Sudan.

He expressed his appreciation for all the efforts made by official and popular entities in Kuwait, which resulted in the swift completion of this air bridge.

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Sudanese military expert Major General Najmuddin Abdel Mahmoud affirmed that Sudan is in urgent need of political reconciliation accompanied by social stability and economic prosperity to lift the country out of its current situation. He stated that the Sudanese people are among the most opposed to "Israel" and that there are Zionist, international, and regional influences behind igniting the war in Sudan to implement a project to fragment the country's unity.

He continued discussing the future prospects of Sudan and everything related to it in this interview with "Al-Mujtama."

What is the future of Sudan amid the ongoing conflict today?

— There is no doubt that Sudan, in the face of these conflicts, urgently needs political reconciliation first, followed by social reconciliation. Then, political parties with clear programs that enjoy the consensus of the Sudanese people should emerge. This would lead to the desired political stability, followed by economic stability.

This conflict has been historical since independence, a period marked by conflicts. One year before the departure of the colonial powers, a war broke out in South Sudan, which continued until the South seceded and became a Christian state. Several reasons contributed to this conflict and the state of instability, including Sudan's resistance to colonial rule and the presence of ancient kingdoms with autonomy, such as Alwa, Soba, Senar, and Fur. An example of this is the death of Gordon Pasha in Khartoum, a leader whom the British in Britain admired and who had inflicted much suffering on the Indians. This leader was killed in Khartoum, and the British and Westerners have not forgotten him easily.

Sudan Needs Political Reconciliation and Social Stability to Become the Breadbasket of the Islamic World Again

The Western ambitions for Sudan's natural resources—such as oil, gas, iron, gold, uranium, fertile agricultural lands, abundant groundwater, river waters, rainfall, and livestock—along with Sudan's strategic location in the heart of the world, connecting the Arab world with Africa, Central Africa, and the Horn of Africa, contribute to the targeting of Sudan.

Additionally, the ethnic and tribal diversity in Sudan, which colonial powers attempted to exploit to create divisions within the social fabric of the country, is another cause of the conflict. Colonial policies, such as the closed areas policy, led to the Christianization of South Sudan and the Islamization of North Sudan, which are factors in the ongoing conflict, now at its peak.

Is there a possibility of reaching a resolution to stop the fighting in the country?

• Certainly, there is a possibility to stop the fighting, and it must be stopped. There is a dubious international and regional scheme against Sudan's unity, aiming to fragment it. Once the proponents of this project see that it has failed—either through the defeat of the rebellion or through a peace agreement leading to the surrender of the rebel forces—this war will stop. This is possible and feasible, as the war has not yet turned into a civil war.

What is the role of Islamists in the current situation in Sudan?

• After the ousting of the Islamic government in 2019, Islamists distanced themselves from power and political activity. However, in the current security situation that has forced them to participate in this war, they are actively involved, just like other political factions. This war has become one between the Sudanese people—represented by the armed forces, political parties, and national forces—and the "Rapid Support Forces" and those behind the project to dismantle Sudan.

Islamists are an Integral Part of Resolving the Ongoing Conflict in Favor of the Stability and Unity of the Country

Therefore, Islamists are now an integral part of resolving the ongoing conflict in Sudan, as they are the most organized and popular group. They are certainly expected to play a role in any upcoming elections with a clear program and to be influential in shaping Sudan's political future.

How can regional conspiracies against Sudan be confronted?

– This can be achieved through political stability, unifying the internal front, and restoring a stable political system, which would thwart these international conspiracies against Sudan.

What is the state of the humanitarian situation in Sudan after more than a year of internal conflict?

– The humanitarian situation in some areas controlled by the "Rapid Support Forces" is very complex and dire, with widespread displacement and refugees seeking asylum in neighboring countries. However, in most of Sudan's war-free states, the humanitarian situation is stable concerning food supplies and health aspects, although conditions are poor, resources are available.

Sudan is known for its food production; therefore, many of its states have not been heavily affected by the war. The country’s abundant food production has led to a surplus, making prices very low and availability high, exceeding local consumption due to increased supply.

Nonetheless, there is still a humanitarian crisis and international and regional negligence regarding the plight of the Sudanese people concerning humanitarian aid. This is a lengthy issue, and there seems to be no one willing to stop this ongoing war, which has lasted for 15 months.

Who is behind the "Rapid Support Forces," and what is the objective?

– Many entities stand behind the "Rapid Support Forces," some of which are deeply involved in this project and others acting as bridges for Sudan’s enemies. It appears that a Gulf country and some neighboring countries provide logistical support, and this country serves as a transit point for those aiming to fragment Sudan, including Israel, the United States, and some European countries.

The Humanitarian Situation is Extremely Bad in Areas Controlled by the 'Rapid Support Forces' for Over a Year

This is an old project from the 1980s to divide and fragment Sudan. This support, whether logistical or through hordes of mercenaries or various technologies—even the rebel forces move with information via satellites from some countries sponsoring this project—has been closely monitored.

What are the bitter results of Sudan’s normalization with Israel?

– Normalization with Israel has not been completed. Some meetings have yielded nothing, and there are no benefits from the relationship with Israel. These meetings, whether with Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti), or the leaders of the rebel militias, show that the Israelis know these individuals do not represent the Sudanese people, who are among the most antagonistic towards Israel and its entity.

Moreover, the Sudanese passport is the only one in the world that states, "Permitted to all countries except Israel," and the Islamic world remembers the Sudanese people's stance at the 1967 Khartoum Summit with the famous "Three No's" (No recognition, No negotiation, No normalization). Therefore, the Zionists know that these meetings cannot lead to normalization with the Sudanese people, especially under a stable government.

Israeli involvement is also evident in this war through arms, communications, and modern technologies related to satellite information, guiding and supporting the rebel forces with weapons.

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