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Scientists have discovered for the first time traces of water vapor in the atmosphere of Ganymede, Jupiter's largest moon.
The US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shared the results of observations made by the Hubble Space Telescope in the journal Nature Astronomy and posted them on its website on Monday.
It was noted that as a result of comparing the observations made by scientists in 1998, 2010, and 2018, traces of water vapor were found in the atmosphere of Ganymede.
The water vapor formed when Ganymede was near the equator at noon and the ice surface transitioned from solid to gas, according to NASA.
It also said the oceans on the satellite, which is located millions of kilometers from the sun, are frozen due to the weather conditions as low as minus 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
On the other hand, it was pointed out that no oxygen atoms were found in Ganymede in 2018 data.
Jupiter has a total of 79 moons orbiting it. The largest is Ganymede, the ninth largest object in the solar system.
Larger than Mercury, Ganymede is the only moon in the solar system with its own magnetic field.
NASA's Juno satellite, launched into space in 2011, has been conducting exploration activities in orbit around the planet since it arrived at Jupiter in July 2016./aa
The Netherlands extradited a Rwandan genocide suspect to Kigali on Monday following a request.
Venant Rutunga, 72, faces three charges, including playing a role in the genocide, complicity in killing, and crimes against humanity, according to Rwanda’s National Public Prosecution Authority.
In 2018, Kigali requested the extradition of Rutunga, who is a former director at an agriculture institute in southern Rwanda.
His extradition came after he exhausted legal battles against it in Dutch courts.
Rwanda commends Dutch judicial authorities for the extradition of genocide suspects and contribution to the global effort to fight impunity, Faustin Nkusi, the spokesperson for the National Public Prosecution Authority, said in a statement.
The genocide against the Tutsi ethnic group began on April 7, 1994, and claimed more than a million lives within a span of 100 days, mainly of Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
The International Crime Unit of the Dutch National Police arrested Rutunga in March 2019./aa
Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau on Tuesday labeled the killing of four members of a Muslim family, who were run down by a man driving a pick-up truck, as a "terrorist attack," which he said was carried out with "Islamophobic" intensions.
"This killing was no accident. This was a terrorist attack, motivated by hatred, in the heart of one of our communities," Trudeau said during a speech at the House of Commons.
Those killed, who were struck as they walked together along a sidewalk, represent three generations of the same family, according to a statement issued by their relatives.
The husband and wife, plus their teenage daughter and the man's mother were killed when a black pick-up truck mounted the curb and struck them at an intersection in the city of London in Canada's central Ontario province. The driver of the truck was arrested.
The couple's nine-year-old son was hospitalized following the attack but is recovering, the statement said.
"We all hope the little boy can recover from his injuries quickly, even though we know he will live a long time with the sadness, incomprehension and anger caused by this cowardly Islamophobic attack," Trudeau said, briefly switching to French.
The victims have been identified as Madiha Salman, age 44, who had done post-graduate work in the field of civil and environmental engineering at Western University in London, as well as her husband, Salman Afzaal age 46. Their 15-year-old daughter, Yumna Salman, was also killed as well as Afzaal's mother, age 74. The family is of Pakistani origin.
- 'Targeted because of Muslim faith' -
London police said Monday the suspect had deliberately attacked a Muslim family with his pick-up in a premeditated and planned act, motivated by hatred.
The 20-year-old suspect, arrested shortly after the attack, has been charged with four counts of first-degree murder and one count of attempted murder, while several leaders of the Muslim community have called on the courts to deem the episode a terrorist attack.
Among them is the Muslim Association of Canada, which asked authorities to "prosecute this horrific attack as an act of hate and terrorism."
The suspect, identified as Nathaniel Veltman, who was wearing a vest "like body armor," was arrested at a mall seven kilometers (four miles) from the intersection where the attack happened, said Detective Superintendent Paul Waight.
The episode brought back painful memories of a Quebec City mosque mass shooting in January 2017 that left six dead and a driving rampage in Toronto that killed 10 people in April 2018, among other attacks.
"They were all targeted because of their Muslim faith," Trudeau said, promising to step up the country's fight against far-right racist groups. "This is happening here, in Canada. And it has to stop."
- 'Place of racism and violence' -
Party leaders in the House of Commons condemned the violence as an act of "Islamophobia," which have multiplied in recent years in the country long known for its tolerance.
"The reality is our Canada is a place of racism of violence, of genocide of indigenous people, and our counties, a place where Muslims aren't safe, they aren't," said Jagmeet Singh, leader of the New Democrats.
Flower bouquets and toys have been placed at the scene of the attack and a vigil in memory of the victims is set to take place later Tuesday at a mosque, with Trudeau and Singh plus the leader of the conservative opposition, Erin O'Toole, among those who plan to attend./DS
At least 57 irregular migrants drowned in a shipwreck in the Mediterranean Sea, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) said on Monday.
"A shipwreck off Libya claims at least 57 lives today after a boat capsized near (the port city of) Khums," Safa Msehli, spokesperson for the IOM, announced on Twitter.
At least 20 women and two children were among those who drowned, Msehli said, citing the survivors brought to shore by fishermen and the coast guard.
Libya has become a crucial departure point for irregular migrants trying to get to Europe to flee poverty and conflicts within their home countries./aa
Turkey has neutralized 12 PKK terrorists since the killings of its two soldiers in northern Syria on Sunday, the country's national defense minister said.
"We believe that this number will increase in the coming days," Hulusi Akar told reporters on Monday during his visit to military posts in the southeastern Gaziantep province near border with Syria.
Turkish authorities use the term “neutralize” to imply the terrorists in question surrendered or were killed or captured.
Nearly 18,300 terrorists have been neutralized since July 2015, Akar said, while 1,581 terrorists have been neutralized so far this year in cross-border operations in northern Iraq.
"Whether it is east or west of the Euphrates (river), our fight continues and will continue," Akar said.
There is no difference between the YPG and the PKK, he said, adding: "We expect our allies to open their eyes and see this."
Akar, along with Chief of General Staff Gen. Yasar Guler and Land Forces Commander Gen. Umit Dundar, visited the 2nd Army Forward Command Post and the 6th Mechanized Infantry Division Main Command Post, where the troops in the north of Syria are dispatched and administered.
Since 2016, Turkey has launched a trio of successful anti-terror operations across its border in northern Syria to prevent the formation of a terror corridor and enable the peaceful settlement of residents: Euphrates Shield (2016), Olive Branch (2018) and Peace Spring (2019).
In its more than 35-year terror campaign against Turkey, the PKK – listed as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the US, and EU – has been responsible for the deaths of 40,000 people, including women, children, and infants. The YPG is the PKK's Syrian offshoot./aa
UN human rights experts Monday called on the Palestinian Authority and Israel to reschedule elections for the Palestinian presidency, legislature, and municipalities within a reasonable time to ensure "free, fair, democratic, peaceful, and credible" polls.
The Palestinian parliamentary elections had been scheduled for May and the presidential polls for July.
They were, however, postponed indefinitely on April 29 by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas due to concerns about Palestinians' ability to vote in East Jerusalem.
"We are deeply concerned by the postponement of the scheduled elections in Palestine," said the experts.
The experts included Michael Lynk, special rapporteur on human rights in the Palestinian territory; Irene Khan, special rapporteur on the right to freedom of expression; and Clement Nyaletsossi Voule, special rapporteur on freedom of peaceful assembly.
"The Palestinian elections present a monumental opportunity to renew the democratic process, to address the long-standing internal political divisions, to strengthen accountable institutions, and to take an important step towards achieving the fundamental national and individual rights of the Palestinian people," the experts asserted.
"We call upon Israel to clearly state that it will allow the full democratic participation of Palestinians in East Jerusalem in the planned elections. As the occupying power in East Jerusalem, it must interfere as little as possible with the rights and daily lives of the Palestinians."
They said that given advances in technology and remote and electronic voting, a variety of means to enable full democratic participation is available.
Rights of Palestinians in East Jerusalem
The experts noted that the Oslo Accords provide for the right of Palestinians in East Jerusalem to participate in Palestinian elections.
In 1996, 2005, and 2006 elections, Palestinians in East Jerusalem could participate, although not without considerable difficulties.
"The international community has repeatedly stated, through the UN Security Council and the General Assembly, that all Israeli alterations to East Jerusalem's demography and to its political and legal status are null and void," they said.
The rights experts called on the Palestinian Authority to reschedule the elections for new dates very soon.
When these elections are held, the democratic rights of voters, candidates, political parties, and participants are to be fully respected by all, including the occupying power, they said.
The special rapporteurs called on the Palestinian authorities who have established the upcoming election rules to remove any legal barriers inhibiting the full participation of Palestinians in the democratic process.
"We are disturbed by some aspects of the eligibility rules for individuals and political lists who would wish to become active in the Palestinian elections," said the experts.
They said the requirement that each political list pay a $20,000 registration fee, and those candidates working in the public sector, for international organizations, and in civil society must resign from their current jobs to run appear to create unjustified obstacles./aa
French airstrikes in January at a wedding party in the West African country of Mali were "in complete violation of international human rights and international humanitarian law," a new report said on Monday.
The study, France’s Shadow War in Mali Airstrikes at the Bounti Wedding, has been carried out by Stoke-White Investigations, a unit of the UK-based Stoke White Lawyers.
According to the report, contrary to France’s claim that it attacked armed "terrorist group" Katiba Serma, which is affiliated with al-Qaeda, the attack in Bounti village as part of Operation Barkhane on Jan. 3 led to civilian deaths.
The publication, citing an investigation by the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), said 22 people were killed in the attack – 19 civilians and three suspected members of Katiba Serma. Another eight civilians were injured.
The victims were all men between the ages of 23 and 71, mostly residents of the village.
Operation Barkhane was launched by the French military in 2014 to conduct operations against extremist armed groups in the Sahel region. Some 5,100 armed personnel are deployed in Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger, also known as the "G5 Sahel."
The investigation made use of interviews, open source intelligence tools and techniques along with verified sources on the ground.
The unit also received the data, in consultation with Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), on 51 fatalities from civilian targeting incidents involving French forces in Mali between 2017 and 2021.
Testimonies
The investigation team also spoke to victims of the French attack.
"I attended the wedding ... there were groups of people at the wedding party, spread apart a few meters. I was injured by the airstrikes and lost consciousness for a while," said M.M. "It was only after I was evacuated to Douentza for medical treatment by Doctors Without Borders I learnt that there had been an attack on the wedding party."
The victim, whose relatives were killed in the attack, added that he had two injuries including one on his body and another on his heart.
A.D., another victim, said: "I lost my cousins in these airstrikes. I heard the planes and then ‘Boom! Boom!’ After some time, we returned to the scene and found several people killed and others injured."
Need for independent investigation
The report called for an urgent independent investigation into the attack. "The French Ministry of Armed Forces must release its legal justification for the attacks on the wedding in Bounti, so that it can be assessed by legal experts," it said.
It urged France to release communication transcript between drone pilot, and any intelligence officer and/or commander that called in the airstrikes via pair of Mirage 2000 fighter aircraft to fully understand what happened in real time.
The report also called on France to make public any official or unofficial targeted killing policy in the Sahel region./aa
The UN documented an alarming 5,183 civilian casualties in Afghanistan in the first half of this year, a 47% increase over the same period in 2020.
The UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) said in its midyear report that 1,659 were killed and 3,524 injured.
It expressed grave concern about the sharp increase in the civilian casualties since May when the US troops started to withdraw from Afghanistan, which followed the Taliban’s mounting assaults and advances across the war-ravaged country. The UN also recorded almost as many civilian casualties in the May-June period as in the preceding four months.
Deborah Lyons, the UN secretary-general's special representative for Afghanistan, implored the Taliban and the Afghan government to pay attention to the conflict's grim and chilling trajectory and its devastating impact on civilians.
"Intensify your efforts at the negotiating table, (and) stop the Afghan against Afghan fighting. Protect the Afghan people and give them hope for a better future," she said.
Taliban reject report
The report blamed up to 64% of the civilian casualties on the Taliban, Daesh/ISIS, and other anti-government forces, while charged the pro-government forces for 25% of the civilian casualties.
It further noted with "shocking and of deep concern" that women, boys, and girls made up nearly half of all civilian casualties in the first half of 2021.
Children accounted for 32% and women 14% of all civilian deaths. It is sickening to report that more women and more children were killed and injured in the first half of any calendar year than UNAMA has ever reported in Afghanistan, Lyons said.
For the first time since UNAMA began recording civilian casualties in Afghanistan, no civilian death has been traced to international forces, as the majority of foreign troops have already left the country ahead of the September 2021 deadline for the withdrawal of US forces.
The Taliban dismissed the UN report's findings as "far from reality" just hours after it was released.
In a statement, Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid said: "In the past six months, the Mujahedeen of the Islamic Emirate (Taliban) have not deliberately killed civilians at any place."/aa
The UK on Monday decried a terrorist attack that killed two Turkish soldiers in northern Syria.
“The UK condemns the attack on Turkish military in northern #Syria. Turkey is a close friend & a NATO ally & we call on all parties to uphold the ceasefire + international law,” Jonathan Hargreaves, UK special representative for Syria, said on Twitter.
“The recent escalation in violence across northern Syria must end. A political solution is urgently needed,” he added.
On Saturday, Turkey’s National Defense Ministry said two Turkish soldiers were killed and two others injured when terrorists attacked an armored vehicle carrying troops in northern Syria.
Since 2016, Turkey has launched a trio of successful anti-terror operations across its border in northern Syria to prevent the formation of a terror corridor and enable the peaceful settlement of residents: Euphrates Shield (2016), Olive Branch (2018), and Peace Spring (2019)./aa
The Bashar al-Assad regime and its supporters since last month have violated the cease-fire agreement in Syria’s northwestern Idlib province at least 800 times, killing 66 civilians.
“The Syrian regime, Iran-backed terror groups, and Russia have violated the cease-fire more than 800 times by attacking people in the last 45 days,” Muhammed Hallaj, the head of the Emergency Response Coordination Group, told Anadolu Agency.
“Of the 66 civilians, who lost their lives in the attacks carried out by the regime forces and Russia in the last one-and-half months, 29 are children, 10 of them women, and five are humanitarian aid workers,” said Hallaj.
He added that the regime forces also targeted the civil defense center and different health facilities, with 19 buildings being rendered inoperable due to the attacks.
“At least 4,500 civilians were displaced as a result of intense attacks by the Assad regime and its supporters. If the attacks continue, 250,000 more civilians may be forced to flee,” he added.
Idlib falls within a de-escalation zone forged under an agreement between Turkey and Russia in March 2020. The Syrian regime, however, has consistently violated the terms of the cease-fire, launching frequent attacks inside the de-escalation zone.
Syria has been mired in a vicious civil war since early 2011 when the Bashar al-Assad regime cracked down on pro-democracy protests with unexpected ferocity.
Over the past decade, around half a million people have been killed and more than 12 million had to flee their homes./aa